What is the primary purpose of scarifying seeds before sowing them?

Scarifying seeds is a technique used to facilitate germination by breaking or softening the seed coat. Many seeds, particularly those from hard-shelled varieties, have protective coatings that can inhibit moisture absorption and delay or prevent germination. By scarifying—whether through physical means like abrasion, soaking, or even chemical treatments—gardener effectively reduces the barrier presented by the seed coat, allowing water and gases to penetrate the seed more easily. This process can significantly hasten the germination process, making it quicker and more efficient.

While increasing seed viability, reducing seed dormancy, and enhancing nutrient absorption are all important aspects of seed growth and health, these concepts do not encapsulate the main objective of scarification. Germination specifically focuses on the immediate physical process required for a seed to start growing, which is why breaking or softening the seed coat is the primary purpose of this technique.